24322 Rar Apr 2026

The study provided evidence for "strong measurement invariance" of the PFMS-II two-factor structure across biological sexes. This suggests the tool is equally effective for evaluating parenting dynamics regardless of the child's sex.

The validation involved (primarily aged 18–27): Sex: 255 women and 132 men. 24322 rar

The research, conducted at the and Wake Forest University , focused on refining and validating a psychometric tool designed to measure how parental behaviors influence a child's development of mastery and resilience. Key Findings The research, conducted at the and Wake Forest

Validation of the Parental Facilitation of Mastery Scale – II - PMC Study Demographics 59

This report summarizes the status of research activities associated with , which supported the validation of the Parental Facilitation of Mastery Scale–II (PFMS-II) . Project Overview

To improve clarity, the "low protection" scale was rescored in the opposite direction and renamed the "overprotection" scale , where higher scores reflect higher levels of parental overprotection. Study Demographics

59.2% European American, 22.0% Asian, 7.0% Hispanic or Latino, 6.5% African American, and 5.2% other/unknown. Academic Output