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of brand-loyalty measures developed since the late 1970s.

for marketing managers on how to use these measures in real-world settings. 410rar

You can find the full text of this paper on academic platforms such as ResearchGate or Academia.edu . attitudinal loyalty? A Review of Brand-Loyalty Measures in Marketing of brand-loyalty measures developed since the late 1970s

: behavioral, attitudinal, multi-attribute, and individual-oriented. 410rar

The reference appears to be a specific typo or OCR (Optical Character Recognition) error often associated with the academic paper titled "A Review of Brand-Loyalty Measures in Marketing" by Jan-Benedict E.M. Steenkamp and Rik Pieters.

In some digitized versions or PDFs of this paper, the text may contain this artifact. The paper itself is a foundational marketing study that: