During its peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s, dial-up shaped the social habits of a generation.
Because dial-up used the same line as the telephone, users could not make or receive voice calls while online [8]. A single family member picking up a phone extension would often "kick" the user off the internet, leading to lost progress on slow downloads [27, 35].
As of 2025, an estimated 160,000 to 175,000 U.S. households still rely on dial-up [8, 17, 36]. For many in remote or rural areas, it remains the only affordable or physically accessible option where broadband infrastructure has not yet reached [13, 22].