El 23-f Y Los Otros Golpes De E - Roberto Munoz... -

Muñoz Bolaños introduces the concept of a —a project orchestrated by economic, political, and military elites starting in 1977.

In his rigorous academic study, (2021), historian Roberto Muñoz Bolaños challenges the "official version" of Spain's 1981 coup attempt . He argues that the 23-F coup was not merely a rogue action by a few extremists, but the climax of a broader, years-long effort by conservative elites to "moderate" Spain's democratic transition. 🛡️ The "Parallel Transition" El 23-F y los otros golpes de E - Roberto Munoz...

To replace Adolfo Suárez's project with a "limited democracy" that would prevent a full welfare state and decentralization. Muñoz Bolaños introduces the concept of a —a

General Alfonso Armada emerged as the key leader for this conservative alternative, leveraging his prestige as the King's former secretary. ⚖️ Beyond the Official Narrative The author contends that the traditional story—depicting a

Use both legal and illegal maneuvers to shift the government to the right.

The author contends that the traditional story—depicting a heroic King and a loyal army standing against a tiny group of rebels—is incomplete.