Humping Direct

Factors like the recoil pressure of the laser and fast solidification rates can trap these liquid accumulations before they can level out, resulting in the permanent wavy structure. Suppression and Control

In the context of industrial manufacturing, is a specific surface defect where periodic, bead-like protuberances (humps) form along a weld seam or a 3D-printed track. This occurs when high-speed processes, such as laser powder bed fusion or arc welding, exceed certain velocity and power thresholds. How Humping Develops humping

Often explained by the Rayleigh instability model , the elongated melt pool behaves like an unstable cylindrical fluid jet, where surface tension causes it to collapse into individual droplets or "humps". Factors like the recoil pressure of the laser

When melt velocity significantly exceeds the welding speed, the weld groove cannot be filled instantly. This causes the melt stream to deflect upwards, initiating a hump. How Humping Develops Often explained by the Rayleigh