Kratkoe Soderzhanie 14 Paragrafa Istorii Novogo Vremeni 7 Klass Here

The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs. the Protestant Union (supported by France, Sweden, and Denmark).

Summary: International Relations in the 16th–17th Centuries

The war devastated Central Europe, particularly Germany, through famine and disease. 📜 The Peace of Westphalia (1648) The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs

Recognition that each state has exclusive authority over its territory.

The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal Monarchy" under the Holy Roman Empire, leading to tensions with other emerging powers. The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs

Equality between Catholicism and Protestantism (Lutheranism and Calvinism) within the Empire.

The profession or skill of managing international relations through representatives. The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs

States like France and England began prioritizing national security and territorial expansion over religious unity. ⚔️ The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)