: Defined by a "cavern" worldview, including early Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
: Modern shifts in global power from the West to the East.
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: The rise of powerful individuals who dominate through personality rather than law as democratic institutions fail.
Spengler identifies eight major high cultures, focusing most heavily on the interaction between three: : Defined by a "cavern" worldview, including early
Spengler rejects the linear view of history (Ancient-Medieval-Modern) and instead argues that history is composed of independent, organic "Cultures" that follow a predictable lifecycle of birth, growth, maturity, and decay.
: The shift from productive creation to financial speculation and the rule of capital. : The rise of powerful individuals who dominate
: A concept where a younger culture's growth is stunted or "poured into" the rigid forms of an older, dominant civilization (e.g., his analysis of Peter the Great's Russia). Contemporary Relevance