Switch-mode Power Supplies Official

Output voltage is maintained through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) , where the duty cycle (ratio of on-to-off time) is adjusted by a feedback mechanism to compensate for load or input variations. 3. Common Topologies

Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the rapid switching. Switch-Mode Power Supplies

1. Executive Summary A Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronic power converter that uses a high-frequency switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike traditional linear power supplies that dissipate excess energy as heat, an SMPS utilizes semiconductor switching devices—such as MOSFETs or transistors—that rapidly alternate between full-on and full-off states. This mechanism significantly reduces energy loss and allows for more compact, lightweight designs. 2. Core Working Principles Output voltage is maintained through Pulse Width Modulation

High-frequency transformers or inductors for energy storage and voltage transformation. This mechanism significantly reduces energy loss and allows

Often a PWM controller like the TI TL598 that manages the switching cycles.

Different circuit configurations, or topologies, are used based on the desired output: