: The Department of Justice (DOJ) defines harmful materials for minors as any communication involving nudity, sex, or excretion that appeals to a "prurient interest" of minors and lacks serious literary or scientific value.

: These laws are based on "variable obscenity," meaning material can be considered obscene for children even if it isn't for adults. Nearly every state has HTM laws restricting the distribution of sexually explicit material to those under 18.

: This federal law makes it illegal to produce, distribute, or possess explicit content involving minors, covering both digital and physical materials.